A HISTORY OF THE HÖFNER ARCHTOP GUITAR

CHAPTER 10: THE "PROFESSIONAL LINE" (1978 into the Early 1980's)

    

The front cover of the Hӧfner 1978 "Professional-Line" Catalogue.

A New Catalogue!

Hӧfner introduced a new range of guitars in 1978, together with a new style of marketing, the centrepiece of which was the “Professional Line” catalogue. This 8-page catalogue had a much more modern and “switched-on” appearance than any of the previous Hӧfner catalogues, helped somewhat by the cover which displayed a rather seductive young lady cuddling up to a Hӧfner guitar. The new range however really did live up to the catalogue’s name as it contained a comprehensive range of professional level guitars, all of which were brand new models:

·         The Hӧfner A2L full-bodied archtop

·         The Hӧfner A2HL thinline archtop

·         The Hӧfner T2S and T2N semi-acoustics

·         The Hӧfner S5E solid guitar

·         The Hӧfner S7L solid guitar

·         The Hӧfner S7-12 twelve-string solid guitar

·         The Hӧfner S7B solid bass guitar

In addition to the guitars, the catalogue described in previously un-known detail the new active electronics and pickups types used throughout the range. Hӧfner were at last coming out of the dark ages!

Gerhilde and Christian Benker had, by 1977, firmly taken up the reigns of managing the Hӧfner Company from Gerhilde’s father Walter and her Uncle Josef. The two brothers did still take an active interest in the workings of the Company during the 1970s; they were always present at the annual Music Trade Fair at Frankfurt for example. However, in 1970, Josef was 78 years old and in that year he took retirement - in theory if not in total practice. Walter was 68 in 1970 and still working flat out. However, both men understood that it was now approaching the time when their burden should be passed on, and so the start of the new decade heralded the much increased dependence on Gerhilde and Christian.

Gela Hildebrand at the 1978 Frankfurt Trade Show, with Gerhilde and Christian Benker.

The new company managing directors must have realised that they just could not rely on Walter Hӧfner’s still popular but dated guitar designs, together with some rather blatant copies of US-guitars, in order to keep the company running. They therefore turned to a German professional guitarist called Gela Hildebrand to inject a modern approach to guitar design, with a brief that the new models should be top-quality professional models that would compete on equal terms with anything that was coming out of America.

Hildebrand obviously realised Hӧfner’s strengths and weaknesses. The company’s talents with wood, together with of course Walter’s inspired design work, had kept it in front of the rest since Walter and Josef had started back in business in the late 1940’s, and that level of craftsmanship was still there. Where Hӧfner did have a problem in particular was in their guitar’s electrical fittings, the design of which had not progressed very much since the 1950’s, as well as the fact that in a rapidly changing market, the overall design concept of some the guitars was looking dated.

All this excitement about the new guitars shouldn’t be construed as marking the end of all the old Hӧfner models however. As far as archtops were concerned, Hӧfner continued to offer some of their old favourites. The 457, 463, 470, and 477 models, together with their thinline equivalents the 4570, 4577, and 4700 remained in the price lists into the early & mid 1990’s, hence continuing Hӧfner’s old policy of providing an archtop for all or, perhaps more accurately, most guitarists’ budgets.

As this book is concerned with arch-topped guitars, we shall only consider the first three models on the above list.

 

The Hӧfner A2L Archtop Guitar

c1980 Hӧfner Model A2L Archtop Guitar.

 The A2L combined the luxury of the discontinued 471 model with the single pickup simplicity of the un-successful 478. It was intended to be a top-quality jazz-player’s guitar. As such, it received a large 430mm (17”) body with a depth of 82mm (3¼”), and was fitted with a single floating twin-coil pickup which Hӧfner referred to as the “Type 052” attached to the end of the neck. This was complimented by a Hӧfner’s own “acoustic filter” tone control (in addition to a conventional tone pot) which allowed all frequencies above 1800Hz to pass, but added more bass into the lower frequencies – hence providing an approximation to a miked-up acoustic guitar. An option of a piezo-bridge and stereo output could be supplied to special order

The top of the guitar’s body was laminated spruce, with highly flamed maple back & sides. Plenty of binding and purfling to the body and neck was provided, including Hӧfner’s lovely fleur-de-lys inlaid into the lower part of the body back, just as the old Committee/468 model guitars had been ornamented. Both rich brown sunburst and natural blonde finishes were offered.

Large block fret-markers were inlaid into the rosewood fingerboard, and the double fleur-de-lys headstock decoration indicated to the world that this was one of Hӧfner’s top guitars.

Hӧfner took the opportunity with the A2L (and A2HL) to introduce a new tailpiece; the first time that they had moved away from the standard ABM tailpieces that had served them well (and most other Bubenreuth manufacturers too) since the late 1940’s. This unit provided the facility to alter the string tension across the bridge to suit an individual’s taste.

This model was produced between 1978 and 1986, and from 1982 it actually ran in parallel with Hӧfner’s ultimate archtop, the AZ model. The A2L appears to have been quite successful, as examples of these lovely guitars do appear quite regularly these days.

 

The Hӧfner A2HL Thinline Archtop Guitar

Early 1980s Hӧfner Model A2HL.

The thinline version of the A2L used the same neck and a 50mm (2”) deep version of the A2L’s body. The two Type 052 twin-coil pickups were fitted directly onto the body however, and as well as the “acoustic filter” tone control, Hӧfner’s newly patented “Multisound” system was also built in to the electrics. This involved the usual three-way pickup selector switch, together with a further three-way micro selector switch for each of the two pickups. This allowed each pickup to be operated in humbucking, out-of-phase, or split modes, resulting in a rather baffling number of combinations.

The new adjustable-pressure tailpiece, as used on the A2L, was fitted, and of course all the bling of the full-bodied guitar was also there.

As with the A2L, the A2HL was a single cutaway guitar. However, twin body cutaways similar in shape to the Verithin’s cutaways appeared on at least one A2HL. There are two photographs in the Hӧfner Company’s archives which shows such a guitar; one showing it being displayed at the 1981 Frankfurt Music Trade Show, and another formal shot which has obviously been taken for possible marketing purposes.  This double cutaway variant was fitted with an adjustable tailpiece bearing the name A2HL, but it doesn’t appear to have had the Multisound fitted, Also, the un-notched headstock of the guitar bore the Hӧfner “double diamond” ornamentation, rather than the usual A2HL notched headstock top with the two fleur-de-lys. I think that we just have to work on the premise that Hӧfner made up a prototype in order to test the reaction of the buyers attending the show, and that this reaction mustn’t have been too encouraging.

The very rare Twin-Cutaway Hӧfner A2HL of 1981.

 

The Hӧfner T2 Semi-Acoustics

 The old double Venetian cutaway very thin bodied models based on the Selmer-distributed Verithin and its twin, the 4574 model, had been cruising along since 1960 with little change taking place. By 1978, Gela Hildebrand obviously thought that things needed to be brought up to date. The Hofner T2 model was the result. Two versions were featured in the Professional Line catalogue: the T2 S and the T2 N, and production of the 4574 and 4575 models ceased with immediate effect.

  Both guitars shared the same body and neck as each other, with the depth of the semi-acoustic body being increased from the 30mm of the old “Verithin” formula to a more Gibson-like depth of 40mm. Laminated maple was used for the bodies, with a rosewood fingerboard on a figured-maple neck. Both were nicely ornamented with mother of pearl block fingerboard markers and “double diamond” headstock inlays, and both were finished in a choice of “Walnut Brown”, a fashionable Gibson finish at that time, or a blonde-like ”Sahara Yellow”. Their differences lay in the way that they were fitted out for two different styles of music.

c1979 Hӧfner Model T2 S Semi-Acoustic guitar.

The T2 S was obviously intended to be the more rock-orientated guitar, with a solid brass stop-tailpiece, Hӧfner’s hot Type 057 pickups, and the new multi-sound system as described above, together with a rotary acoustic filter control. The complexity of the electrics on this guitar prompted Hӧfner to produce a neat tag to go into the case of each T2S in order to spell out what all the switches actually were intended to achieve:

The control layout for the Hӧfner T2S guitar.

The T2 N was intended for music of a more gentle nature, being fitted with the Type 053 pickups which were described as being for “universal use”, and a trapeze tailpiece. Again, however, the acoustic filter was fitted, perhaps more appropriately than its fitment to the T2S.

Hӧfner marketing image of a T2 N Model.

 

The Hӧfner T4 Semi-Acoustics

Unfortunately, the T2 designated guitars did not last long. Although the T2 S remained in the price list until 1980, in 1979 Hӧfner dropped the T2 N version and announced the introduction of the T4 S to replace it. The “new” guitar was to all intents and purposes a T2 S, again with a 40mm deep body, but fitted with a pre-amp. This presumably allowed Hӧfner to now describe their Multisound system as being “volume compensated”. Oh, and the T4 S usually (but apparently not always) had covers fitted to previously open Type 057 pickups of the T2 S. Hӧfner had obviously decided that the preference of the buying public was for a hot rock guitar rather than the more subdued sounds of the T2 N!

c1981 Hӧfner T4 S Model.

As well as the T4 S (the “S” indicating the standard version), another even more complex variant was introduced at the same time in February 1979. This was the T4 S “Twin Sound” or T4 ST. The Twin Sound referred to a built in octave divider. To quote directly from the catalogue, the T4 ST was similar to the T4 S:

but fitted with a special pickup for the two bass strings and the four treble strings. If desired, the two bass strings can be lowered by one octave through a built-in octave divider. The other four strings are not influenced by this operation. But the pickups also can be used in the normal way.

The control layout for the Hӧfner T4 ST guitar, showing  the split pole-piece arrangement on the bridge pickup.

The pickup on which this facility was provided was the bridge unit, one assumes to get the clearest signal for the electronics to handle, with the neck pickup being a conventional Type 057. Hӧfner’s intention behind all this was presumably to provide the player with the facility for playing bass riffs using the thumb along with normal sounds played on the top four strings with the fingers.

The volume compensated “Multisound” system on the T4ST was only applied to the neck pickup of course, and an acoustic filter was not fitted. Again, the case tag supplied with all new Twin Sound guitars provided pictorial details of all the control functions, and I would suspect that players new to the Hӧfner T4 ST would need all the help that they could get!

Initially the T4 guitars were produced with two F-holes in the body top, as had been the case with the T2 models. However, within a year, and certainly by 1980, the soundholes were deleted, making the guitar in effect a semi-solid with little acoustic capability. It may be no coincidence that a semi-solid guitar fitted with active electronics and having no sound holes was introduced by the Gibson Company just before this change in 1979 – the Gibson “ES Artist”.

An early example (1979) of the Hӧfner T4 ST, still with F-holes.

The T4 semis lasted for longer than the superseded T2 model, with the T4 ST dropping out of the price lists at the end of 1984, and the standard T4 S disappearing a year later in order to make way for Hӧfner’s ultimate semi, the Nightingale.

 

The Hӧfner T6 S Semi-Acoustic

The Frankfurt Trade Show of Spring 1980 saw the introduction of the final “T”-model; the Hӧfner T6 S. This followed the trend for no soundholes, but the body width was reduced down to 30mm from the T2 and T4 depth of 40mm. Hӧfner had obviously been persuaded by supporters of the old Verithin/4574 model to re-introduce this body size for a semi-acoustic/solid guitar, only a year after the 4574 had been discontinued.

Marketing image of a 1980 Hӧfner T6 S semi-acoustic guitar.

The standard pickup set-up of the T6 S was a single coil unit in the neck position (described in Hӧfner’s sales literature as an “original single coil from 1962”) and a twin coil humbucker at the bridge. These pickups were probably Schaller-made, but DiMarzio units were also offered as an option. A single volume control was provided, together with a middle and treble control working on the active pre-amp.

An unusual Hӧfner T6 S, fitted with the optional DiMarzio pickups, a bridge piezzo unit, and with a rare black finish.

The amount of bling on the T6 S was significantly less than on the T4 models, with only the Hӧfner logo ornamenting the headstock, simple dot instead of mother of pearl block markers, and modest (by Hӧfner standards) binding/purfling around the body edges. This and the simpler electronics made the DM 1383 price of the T6 S in January 1981 substantially cheaper than the DM 1607 charged for a T4 S and DM 1776 for the T4 ST. The Hӧfner T6 S was obviously intended to be the professional musician’s working guitar.

Production of the last two available “T”-Model semis, the T4 S and T6 S, came to an abrupt halt at the end of 1985 after a surprisingly successful production run for such unusual all-singing-all-dancing guitars. Most guitar players are very conservative in their choice of instruments however, and tend to gravitate to the well-proven and familiar models. It is still the case that the best-selling models are those designed in the 1950s. Hӧfner were now in the process of reverting back to the less futuristic and more traditional approach to guitar making!

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PROCEED TO CHAPTER 11: ATILLA ZOLLER, KLAUS SCHÖLLER, & THE NIGHTINGALE (1981 to 1999)

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